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Biotechnology has enabled us to render the adaptation of living natural resources from a top-down approach (breeding) to a bottom-up process (designing). Common modern cloning techniques allow for the rearrangement of genetic building blocks, the removal of cross-species boundaries and minor modifications of the DNA sequence itself. The availability of in silico gene optimization and in vitro gene...
In this chapter we describe the concept of minimal living cells, defined as synthetic or semi-synthetic cells having the minimal and sufficient number of components to be endowed with the main biological properties of living cells. The construction of minimal cells starting from isolated compounds is an issue in synthetic biology, origins of life studies, and biotechnology. We start by discussing...
Budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) has been widely used as a model system to study fundamental biological processes. Genetic and biochemical approaches have allowed in the last decades to uncover the key components involved in many signaling pathways. Generally, most techniques measure the average behavior of a population of cells, and thus miss important cell-to-cell variations. With the recent...
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